Nzimurura: Uko amacakubiri yaje mu Barundi
Mu kinjana ca 19 niho ibihugu vy’I Buraya vyaja inama yo kuza gukoroniza ishinga rya Afirika. Abanyaburaya biyumva nk’abantu bamaze guhumuka kw’isi yose ariko bakiyumvira ko mu bihugu vyo muri Afirika abantu bagihumye, ko bashobora kwikika mu kiza bakabatwara ubutunzi bwabo mu misi bagisinziriye bakozokwikangura ataco bagisigaranye ubutunzi barabukomvye. Mu Burundi babanje gutuma intumwa ziza gutata. Muribuka nka ba dr. David Livingstone na Henry Morton Stanley mu 1871 aho Dr Livingstone yari mu rugendo rwo kurondera isoko y’uruzi rwa Nile maze Stanley nawe akaba yari umumenyeshamakuru yatumwe kurondera Livingstone ko yoba akiriho. Abo turabibuka cane kuko bafise icibutso ku Mugere ku birometero 12 uvuye i Bujumbura. Ariko hariho abandi baza bafise intego ya politike gusa. Abo ni nka ba John Speke, Hans Meyer, n’abandi.
Abo bagabo John Hanning Speke na Hans Meyer bageze ku gasi k’Urwanda n’Uburundi, basuzuma neza ubuzima ba sokuruza bari babayeho basanga Uburundi n’Urwanda bwarahumutse birabatangaza kuko ivyo babonye atahandi bari babibonye:
- Igihugu gisenga Imana imwe: iki co gusenga Imana imwe ni ikintu gihambaye cane kuko ubwavyo ni uguhumuka kwo kurwego rwo Si benshi mw’isi babitahura gutyo (twabivuzeko hejuru)
- Igihugu uburungozi bwaco buri ku murongo: Ibihugu vyose vyo mw’isi bigendera ku butware butatu Ubwo burongozi nibwo bukorera igihugu ariko bwose burigenga musi y’uburongozi bukuru bw’umurongozi w’igihugu. Ubwo nabwo ni ubu:
- uburongozi bw’inama nshingamateka na nkenguzamateka (Pouvoir Legislatif),
- uburongozi bw’amategeko y’igihugu (pouvoir Juduciaire),
- uburongozi bushira mungiro ivyemejwe (pouvoir executif: uyu musi igizwe n’abashikiranganji, ba buramatari, abasitanteri, abakuru b’ama zone hamwe na banyumbakumi).
- Ubwo burongozi uko ari butatu twebwe twarabwamanye ku ntwaro z’abami kandi nta nabumwe bwinjirira ubundi ari navyo vyajoreje abo bazungu batumwe gutata. Ingoma y’Uburundi yaba irongowe n’umwami nkuko n’uyu musi hakiriho mw’isi ingoma izirongowe n’abami nka za Maroc, Ubwongereza, n’izindi. Umwami yagira uburongozi butatu bumufasha kurongora:
- uburongozi bw’abanyamabanga/abiru bakora akazi nk’ako inama nkuru y’igihugu ikora uyu musi (assemblee national). Iyo nayo ikaba ariyo yitwa (pouvoir Legislatif);
- uburongozi bw’abashingantahe uyu musi ni uburongozi bukurikirana ivy’itegeko ari naho hakurikiranwa n’iyubahirizwa ry’ibwirizwa nshingiro (pouvoir Juduciaire);
- uburongozi bw’abaganwa n’abafasha abaganwa bagakora akazi nk’ako umushikiranganji, buramatari, musitanteri, umukuru wa zone, n’umukuru w’umutumba bakora (pouvoir executif).
- Igihugu umuntu wese akora ivyo ashoboye kandi akanyurwa: kubera ubuzima butari bwatere imbere kandi n’abantu batari bwagwire umuntu yatungwa n’umwuga Abantu rero bakora ivyo bashobye kandi biyumvamwo. Nkuko twabivuze hejuru hariho aborozi borora ibitungwa (inka, impene, intama, n’ibindi) bikaba arivyo bibabeshaho. Abandi nabo bari abarimyi, ukurima kukaba arikwo kubabeshaho. Mugihe abandi batungwa n’ibikorwa vyo kubumba no gucura (inkono, imyampi, amacumu, ibisharizo, utugenegene dutandukanye) navyo bikabatunga.
Ivyo abo bazungu bavyitegereje basanga ni ukujijuka gukomeye birabasiga kuko bo bumva ko mw’isi Imana yaremye ari abazungu bonyene bari barahumutse, ko abandi bose bari bakiri mu bujuju, batari bwagere guca ubwenge. Baca batangura kwiga imitwe y’ukuntu bosigura ivyo bintu.
John Hanning Speke ati: Mu Burundi no mu Rwanda hariho abantu bahumutse birashoboka ko boba badakomoka muri Afirika. Ivyarivyo vyose ni benewabo n’abazungu basuhukiye muri Afirika ariko kubera ikirere n’ibintu bitandukanye urukoba rwabo rwagiye rurahinduka buke buke. Ariko imiterere yabo y’igihagararo biracari nk’ivy’abazungu. Abo nibo bahumuye abandi bo muri iki gice ca Afirika y’ibiyaga bigari.
Hans Henrich Josef Meyer ahageze nawe ati: Jewe sinemeza ko boba ari abazungu benewacu baje ino ahubwo boba ari bene Ham (umuhungu wa Nowa) bashobora kuba bafise aho bahurira n’abanyisirayeri. Muri iyo migambi yiwe yashize imbere iciyumviro c’abo bita “Hamites” avuga ko bafise inkomoko yo muri Ethiopia (Cush) na Egiputa.
Bose ico barondera ni ukugabura abarundi mu bice bitandukanye kuko bari babonye ko batoshobora kubakoroniza baciyumvamwo ko bari umwe. Bamwe babagira aba Bantou (Abahutu) abandi babagira aba Hamites (Abatutsi). Abarimyi n’abakene babahaye indangankomoko ya gihutu mugihe aborozi n’abatunzi b’inka babahaye indangankomoko ya gitutsi. Birumvikana ko batari kwisanisha n’abakene arico gituma abo bazungu nyene bashize abakene bose mu mugwi bise ko ukengeretse cane (Bantou).
Icitonderwa: Babanje kuyovya insiguro y’ijambo ubwoko abarundi bari bazi bariha insiguro ibafasha gushika kuco barondera. Bahereye ku bwoko bw’urukoba rw’abantu (Race) basanga ntibikunda kuko babuze ukwo bosigura ukuntu abarundi ari abazungu birabuye. Bumva boba bimanuye bifatanije n’abantu birabura. Aho no kuvuga ko abarundi bagabuye mu miryango baravyirengagiza ahubwo bafata ubwoko bw’imibereho y’abarundi (categories socioeconomiques) bayihindura indangankomoko (ethnie). Uwahora ari umuhutu kubera atunzwe no kurima bamuha indangankomoko y’ubuhutu, umutunzi w’inka nawe bamuha indangankomoko y’ubututsi, uwarabeshejweho n’ukubumba/ugucura bamuha indangankomko y’ubutwa. Ukurima, ukworora, ugucura bihinduka “ethnie”. Nyamara muri izo ndangankomoko ncurano indangankomoko (ethnie) y’umutwa ntibayitayeho kuko babona ko ataco yobatwara muri gahunda zabo bashaka gushikako, maze kubera nawe yari mu bakene yitiranwa n’umuhutu.
